SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(777, 775, 792, 801, 815, 755, 819)

Query time 0.00030

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories range parent parent 3 13 Using index condition

Result

category_id parent_id
775 755
792 755
801 755
809 755
815 755
819 755
822 755
824 755